What does 'Stare Decisis' refer to in legal terms?

'Stare Decisis' is a fundamental principle in the legal system, specifically referring to the practice of following precedents established in previous court decisions. This doctrine ensures that once a court has established a legal principle or rule, subsequent courts should adhere to it when the same or similar facts are presented. By doing so, it promotes consistency and predictability in the law, which aids in maintaining stability within the legal system.

This method of reliance on established case law fosters a more efficient judicial process, as it reduces the need for courts to re-evaluate issues that have already been adjudicated. The principle underlines the importance of precedent in shaping legal outcomes and helps create a cohesive body of law that guides judges and lawyers alike in their practices and rulings.

The other options relate to different aspects of the legal process, such as new trials or hearings, initial court appearances, and the rules governing the presentation of evidence, but they do not capture the essence of 'Stare Decisis', which is specifically about the respect for and adherence to established precedents.