Who has the power to approve treaties?

The power to approve treaties rests with the Senate, as outlined in the U.S. Constitution. Specifically, Article II, Section 2 grants the President the authority to negotiate and sign treaties with other countries, but it also requires that these treaties receive the advice and consent of the Senate. A treaty cannot be ratified unless two-thirds of the Senators present vote in favor of it. This provision was designed to ensure a system of checks and balances between the executive and legislative branches of government, allowing the Senate to play a crucial role in foreign policy.

In contrast, the House of Representatives does not have a direct role in the treaty approval process, while the President can negotiate and sign treaties but cannot do so independently; he or she needs the Senate's approval for ratification. The Supreme Court does not have the authority to approve treaties, as its function is to interpret laws and ensure they align with the Constitution. Thus, the Senate's role as the body that approves treaties is central to the legislative process in U.S. foreign policy.